Mandar is the name of a tribe (ethnicity) contained in south sulawesi
and the name of culture in the National Cultural Institute and Institute of
National Cultural Assessment. It is termed ethnic because Mandar is one of the
ethnic groups of the four tribes inhabiting South Sulawesi's provinces of
Makassar (makasara '), ethnic Bugis (ogi'), ethnic Toraja (toraya). This
grouping is intended in an assessment group called "lagaligologi".
There are 14 phases to Customary
Marriage of Mandar Tribe :
1).
Massulajing
Massulajing means nominating and matching between two people who will be in
persunting. This phase is done by the parents of the man with the family
closest. This means mutual respect between families and it is a sign that
management and all responsibilities will be a shared responsibility.
2). Messengers' or Mammanu'manu
Messengers' is a beginning step that serves as a paved the way in order to
approach the men against the woman. This task is usually done by one or two
people taken from people whose position can mediate this matter. This means
that he has family relationships with women and there is also a family
relationship with the men.
Messiah's visitation is highly
classified. As far as possible other unlike others do not know.
There are 2 things to achieve in this
confidentiality:
· If it fails the men do not feel
ashamed.
· To prevent others wanting to block
this relationship.
The core of the talk in this phase
simply asks:
· Is the girl ...... there is a
marriage?
· Is the ......... .. child of the
...... .., can accept if coming to apply?
3) Mettumae or Ma'duta
Mettumae or ma'duta is sending a messenger to apply, is a further process
to further verify and prove the results achieved in the mammanu'-manu phase.
The ambassador means the envoy consisting of several couples who are usually
from close relatives, adat leaders and religious leaders with customary dress.
In
this phase is usually crowded because here the messengers have the opportunity to
express the meaning symbolically through poetry or 'kalinda'da mandar'. For
this phase the example of the cylinder is as follows:
Male party:
"Poleang
me'oro candring
Be dileba anda
Mark the
noodles'
Kalepu in your
batam
Meaning:
"We came
to sit blind
It's in your
yard
A sign
Our love for
you ".
The woman's
answer:
"Uromai
your banker
The founder of
your meeting
Maupa bappa
Anna mala
sambasse "
Meaning:
"Your
arrival we picked up
I wait for your
heart
Good luck
Our will can
meet "
Up to the last
sentence that is
Male party:
"Beru-berany
dibanyammu
Pammasse'i
appanna
Diang tumani
Tau laeng
mappuppi ".
Meaning:
"Flower
jasmine in your house
Strong fence
Do not get
there
Other people
who picked it "
Female reply:
"Beru-beru
in boya'i
Masse 'banggi
appanna
Takkala ula
I'o nammabuai
"
Meaning:
"Jasmine
flowers at our home
Fence strong
enough
We agreed
You are the one
who opened it. "
Listening to the last answer from the woman menendakan bring
application is accepted. Thus the next phase is: "Mambottoi Sorong".
The main provisions of the ma'duta phase are:
The men must bring money which is called
"pamuai ngnga uamh mouth opener".
All ingredients of
consumption are borne by the men, and escorted to the woman along with
notification of mambotoi sorong.
4) Mambottoi Sorong
Sorong or dowry is something that has a moral and
material value that is absolute in a marriage. Without dowry, marriage is
considered illegitimate according to custom rules and according to Islamic
Shari'a.
Meanwhile, according to the Mandar tribe's custom,
"sorong" is a picture of the dignity and dignity of women stipulated
according to customary rules authorized by a face which should not be
inviolable or bargained up and down. This one belongs to the woman who must be
lifted by the man according to the strata of the woman alone. Until the moment
the sorong in the mandar region known five levels:
a. Sorong for the ruling
king's son using the "Tae" istialah whose real value berfariasi:
· One tae balanipa is
worth 4 real
· One tae alone worth 3
real
· One tae banggae is
worth 2½ real
· One tae pamboang worth
2½ real
· One tae tappalang is
worth 2½ real
· One tae mamuju its
value 2½ real
· One tae binuang worth
2½ real
b. Sorong the noble
children 180 and 300 reals
c. Sorong Tau child
pattola hadat can be 120 or 160 real. If you are in power to become a member
can be 200 real.
d. Sorong tau faint
(ordinary people), 60 and 80 real
e. Sorong to batua
(boy), 40 real and his shaft taken by his master.
Since the mandarins, Bugis, Makasar, and Toraja were born in South
Sulawesi, the underlying culture and traditions have been born and governed and
organized their respective activities.
If the activity is done with the same tribe then there will be no
problem. Even if there is a problem solving is easy because it is equally
adhering to the same culture and custom rules. But if the activity is, the
marriage is done by the different tribes then there is a problem about which
culture and custom rules that will underlie the affair.
If both sides insist on applying their respective cultures, then the
marriage should be done properly, it can become void. This is the case for many
who do not know the agreement of "custom rule" in South Sulawesi,
which is placed by three brothers, namely I-TabittoEng Balanipa (Mandar), La
Palangki Aru Palakka (Bugis) and I-Rerasi Gowa (Makassar) around the year 1460
M whose contents are in Indonesian:
"The Mandar and the
Gowa go to Bona, then Bonabis him; the Mandar and the Bone go to Gowa then
Greet him; if the Gowa people and the Bone people go to Manar, then Mandarlah
he "
It implies that the
Mandar and the Gowa (Makassar) people in Bone (Bugis) must use or use Bone
(Bugis) customs and so on.
If Gowa man (Makassar) will apply for Mandar woman, according to custom
must come apply at Bandar. Karean this event is conducted in Mandar (in the
women's circle) then according to custom agreement in South Sulawesi which must
underpin the marriage, marriage and the whole series is Mandar culture and
custom, including "sorong" or "dowry" and so on.
Although there are adat rules as agreed above, if there is a dispute about this
there is still another way justified by the rules of adat and rules that grow
and develop in the people of South Sulawesi during this time reads:
"Matindoi
ada'mua'diang sasamaturuang"
Meaning:
"Customary rules
(may) not apply to those who want to make peace or seek another good
agreement".
Mambottui sorong means deciding (setting) the dowry. In this phase all issues
related to the dowry requirements and their implementation have been discussed
and decided, mainly on the sorong itself, shopping, the timing of the marriage
ceremony, paccandring and others.
At
this event usually runs crowded and exciting because "sipappa
soro-sorong" artinnya each other urged to grant their respective
proposals. Said to be crowded because this proposal can usually be delivered
symbolically with kalinda'da Mandar which example as follows:
Male
“ Poleang ma’lopi sande
Lima ngura sobalna
Merandang jappo
Mewalango ta’garang”
Meaning:
"We came boating
sande
Five veils of the screen
cloth
Flat weathered
The anchors are also rusty
"
One thing to be considered in the submission of application to the woman
that kalinda'da used must be humble, should not boast because of
nobility, because rich, because of smart, and others.
If this stage of pambelluiangan sorong reach an agreement then the
next stage can be done.
5) Carrying Paccanring
Bringing paccandring is a statement of joy by the men over reaching
agreement on sorong and big shopping. That brought the dominant fruits of all
sorts and as much as possible. According to custom, this paccanring is
distributed to the whole family and neighbors, and the introduction must be
with the procession.
6) Ma'lolang
It is the marriage of a man with his friends to a woman's house. This is
the official statement of the first engagement and introduction of the man to
be married to the whole family of the woman.
What he did,
among others, was playing Gambus music, Kecapi and others. Regarding
consumption in this event is borne entirely by the men.
7) Mappadai Balaja
This means that the men deliver the groceries that have been agreed to
the women's party with a more crowded procession again. This is done before the
'eye gau' and ushered at the request of the woman.
8) Mappasau
Done in the evening ahead of tomorrow's match. Mappasau means a steam
bath, intended to make all the stinks that might be present on the bride become
lost.
The ingredients are made from plants called "flower leaves" of
a pandan leaf and some other spices. The way to do this is to make the flowers
and mixes of fragrant foliage boiled with water to boil. Mouth mugs are given a
wrap of cloth and in the pit. On the hole there is a bamboo channel channel.
The girl covered her body with thick cloth as much as possible. After the girl
takes a sweat and is considered to be sufficiently blanket open. After that,
sigadis is bathed in order to provide the remaining steam attached to the
girl's body. After that finished Pappasaungan event.
9) Pallattigiang
Pallatiang in Mandar tribe there are 3 namely pellattigiang adat,
pelattigiang adat by kings, an pelattigiang pauli or medicine.
Implementation pelattigiang time there are 2 kinds:
1.Along with the marriage
contract
2.The day before the
marriage ceremony
Implementation of custom pellattigiang should be dressed complete with
kris at waist, special pellattiang pauli (medicine), clothing and other
fittings are free.
10) Mambawa Pappadupa
It is the visit of the women's envoy to the house of the men carrying
"lomo masarri or manyak wangi" and the dress to be worn during the
marriage ceremony. The main purpose of this padduppa is a statement of
readiness and willingness of prospective brides to be married. This is done at
night, towards the esonya will be married.
11) Matanna Gau
Is the culmination of all the events that exist in the marriage
ceremony. In this section conducted a more crowded procession ari earlier to
take the prospective groom home prospective bride.
There are two main things that are delivered, namely the prospective
bridegroom and dowry. Dowries are denied separately from the prospective
bridegroom before being handed over to the bride's guardian. To enliven the
procession also delivered goods arranged as follows:
1. Lomo or oil is meant
for pickles to run smoothly and if there is difficulty easily solving them.
2. Sugar or
sweet-sweets, intended to run the event well.
3. Kappu flowers or
fragrant-haruman intended for graduation and goodness of the implementation of
this event is famous in every corner.
4. Masi-masigi is meant
for the prospective party of the groom and the woman always in the same
direction and the coolness, and at the same time be
a sign that this parade beagama Islam.
5. Bualoa means like tax
of the value of the deal. It is distributed by adapt in the ceremony.
6. Introduction group of
women.
7. The bridegroom with
the dowry brought by a strong, spiritual and spiritual man can be trusted.
8. Male Introduction
Group.
9. The rebana music
group.
The
groom with the sorong and carrier are under the umbrella. After the prospective
groom arrives at the home of the bride, she is picked up by a relative of the
bride. Arriving on the stairs are picked with a sprinkling of rice is intended
that the two husband and wife later can build a prosperous, blessed and inner
home.
Event sequences on the
eye gauze:
1. Reading
verses of the Qur'an
2.
Pellattingiang goes along with dance
3. Dowry
delivery
4. Delivery
of guardianship from the prospective bride to the married person
5. The
execution of Kabul's consent
6.
Pronunciation of the groom's pledge to the bride
7.
Application means the first leg held.
8.
Installation of wedding rings alternately
9. Feed each
other
10. Applying for the
fourth blessing of the parents, and other relatives of the two parties
11. The two grooms sit
together on the platform to receive guests.
12) Added
It is the family visit of the bride and groom to the bride. This is done
at least 3 consecutive nights every night after the prayer.
This
is meant to strengthen the family relationship between the two parties. This
opportunity also held a 'mappapangino' event that is the bridegroom looking
for, hunting and capturing the bride.
13) Mando E Flowers
This means a flower bath to menharumkan and
clean yourself of a large face that may be after the marriage ceremony. This is
done together the two brides in one jar, to enter the next stage.
14) Marola or Nipemaliangngi
Marola means to follow or reconcile is the
second visit of the bridegroom home bridegroom. This activity is done just for
fun, playing music and others. This opportunity is usually the old man doing
the giving of valuables such as land, plantation, house and so on as a
statement of gratitude and joy towards the implementation of the marriage.
